International Journal of Current Medical and Biological Sciences

Anesthesiology Comparative study of Ultrasound guided fascia iliaca block and femoral nerve block to assist positioning in spinal anaesthesia

Dr. Pratibha.S.D — 2025-11-22

Objectives:-Proximal femur fractures are very painful, making positioning for regional anaesthesia a challenge. Peripheral nerve blocks are safe and effective for analgesia with advantages of opioid-sparing affects . This study compares the analgesic efficacy of ultrasound- guided fascia iliac compartment block (FICB) and femoral nerve block (FNB) for optimal positioning during spinal anesthesia for proximal femur fracture surgeries.

Methods:- Ninety patients belonging to ASA 1, II and III, who were posted for surgery on proximal femur fractures and randomly allocated into two groups 45 in each group. Group A patients received USG guided fascia iliaca block and Group B patients received USG guided femoral nerve block. Pain during positioning for spinal anaesthesia was the primary outcome and was assessed using the Numerical rating scale (NRS) scores.

Results: Time to onset of block was 4.3±0.9 mins in FICB group and 2.8±0.6 mins in FNB group (p<0.001). Time to perform block was 8.52 ± 2.32 mins in FICB group and 5.12 ± 1.22 mins in FNB group (p<0.001). Statistically significant difference was seen between the study groups at 10 mins, 15 mins and 30 mins after study intervention in terms of NRS pain scores.

Conclusion: We conclude that both the femoral nerve block (FNB) and the fascia iliaca compartment block (FICB) using ultrasound guidance are simple and effective . In our study, patients in the group B (FNB) had lower NRS scores compared to the group A (FICB) .The Ultrasound-guided FNB may offer faster onset of block and better pain relief than FICB for assisting in positioning for spinal anaesthesia in patients with proximal femur fractures.

Keywords:- Bupivacaine, femoral nerve block, fascia iliaca compartment block, femur fractures, spinal anaesthesia.

What do orthodontists think about the diagnosis and treatment plan of patients with class 2 part 1 skeletal anomalies? A survey study.

Ergin Kalkan — 2025-08-26

What do Orthodontists Think About the Diagnosis and Treatment Plan of Patients with Class II Division 1 Skeletal Anomalies? A Survey Study

Ortodontistler Sınıf II Bölüm 1 İskelet Anomalisi Olan Hastaların Teşhis ve Tedavi Planı Hakkında Ne Düşünüyor? Bir Anket Çalışması

Abstract

Background: This study aims to determine key diagnostic approaches and treatment preferences among orthodontists treating adult patients with Class II Division 1 skeletal anomalies.

Materials and Methods: A total of 50 orthodontists participated in this survey-based study. Ten structured questions were posed regarding diagnostic methods and treatment choices, including bracket systems, torque preferences, imaging techniques, space-creating methods, tooth extraction preferences, malocclusion treatment approaches, and retention strategies. Statistical analyses were performed using chi-square tests for categorical variables, and p-values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant.

Results: Among the participants, 64% preferred traditional braces, while 24% opted for self-ligating braces. Regarding prescription selection, 56% chose MBT, 24% Roth, and 20% other systems. Standard torque brackets were preferred by 84% of respondents. For diagnosis, 64% used cephalometric tomography, while 24% relied solely on computed tomography. The most common space-creating approach was distalization (72%), and the most frequently extracted teeth were the upper third molars (52%). The majority (64%) preferred intermaxillary elastics combined with mini-implants for occlusal correction. For retention, 50% used both fixed and removable retainers.

Conclusions: The study highlights the diversity in orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning. Most orthodontists favored modern, non-surgical approaches, emphasizing efficiency in treatment duration while balancing aesthetics and functional outcomes.

Keywords: Class II Division 1, orthodontic survey, fixed functional appliances, computed tomography, retention

Tear Carnıtıne Analysıs After Corneal Crosslınkıng in Keratoconus

Ayhan Saglık — 2025-06-07

Background: To investigate the changes that may occur after CXL treatment in carnitine levels, which have an important role in the cell's energy cycle.

Materials and Methods: Single eye of 25 patients who underwent crosslinking (CXL) therapy for keratoconus was included in this prospective, nonrandomized study. Patients were divided into 4 different groups as male, female, over 18 and under 18 before the treatment. Tears were collected with capillary tubes before, and at the 6th postoperative month without any anesthetic agent. From the tear samples, 27 carnitine ester parameters were measured by a mass spectrometer and a ultra high performance liquid chromatograph.

Findings: The average age of patients consisting of 11 (44%) men and 14 (66%) women was 18.28 ± 3.98 years (12-25). After CXL treatment, statistically significant changes were only detected in C12 (Dodecanoil Canitine) and C14 (Myristoil Canitine) levels. Among all carnitines, only C4 and C6 carnitine levels increased, but this increase was not statistically significant. Among the age groups, the highest difference was in carnitine derivative C6, and the least differing carnitine derivative was C51 and C5DC. The carnitine derivatives that differed most in the gender groups were C6 and C16, while the least differed were C5DC and C8: 1.

Conclusion: In cases where energy needs increase, such as inflammation, there may be a decrease in inflammation severity as carnitine levels decrease. The variation between pre and post CXL carnitine level measurements in keratoconus patients can be used as a useful marker to monitor this inflammation and intervene in the event of excessive inflammation.

Association between Hypercobalaminemia and Chronic Diseases in Outpatients: A Retrospective Case-Control Study

Nurcan Doğan — 2025-09-30

Background: Several studies have shown that high levels of Cobalamin (vitamin B12) are associated with specific diseases, such as solid cancers, chronic liver diseases, cardiovascular diseases, and others. In this study, we aimed to compare the rates the vitamin B12 in adults with and without chronic diseases.

Materials and Methods In the study, 68 (53.1%) participants with chronic disease and 60 (46.9%) participants without chronic disease were included in the study among 128 patients aged 35 and over with high vitamin B12 levels who applied to the Family Medicine Polyclinics as outpatients for a period of 1 year. Patients with vitamin B12 levels of ≥1000 pg/mL were classified as having very high levels, while those with levels between 663 and 999 pg/mL were classified as having high levels.

Results: In our study, a significant relationship was found between the presence of chronic disease and high vitamin B12 levels (p=0.017). Among chronic diseases, high levels of vitamin B12 have been found to be more significant in patients with Diabetes Mellitus (DM) (p<0.006). According to the categorization of high vitamin B12 in itself, it has been observed that vitamin B12 levels are significantly at very high levels in individuals with DM. Logistic regression analysis revealed that the risk of DM diagnosis was 0.67 times higher in those with elevated vitamin B12.

A significant relationship has been found between high levels of vitamin B12 and those with chronic diseases, especially DM.

Conclusions: It has been shown that individuals with common chronic diseases have significantly high levels of vitamin B12. We observed that very high levels of vitamin B12 are a risk factor for chronic diseases, including Type 2 DM.

Retrospective Analysis of Cardiac Arrest Cases Admitted to A General Intensive Care Unit

Mehmet Baki Bilsel — 2025-08-30

Abstract

Background: Cardiac arrest is the sudden loss of heart function and is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. After successful cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), patients are monitored in the intensive care unit with a diagnosis of post-cardiac arrest syndrome. Parameters such as the duration of resuscitation, Glasgow Coma Scale(GCS) score, fasting blood sugar, hemoglobin (Hgb), white blood cell count(WBC), urea, creatinine, mean arterial pressure(MAP), arterial oxygen saturation(SaO2), pH, lactate, and partial pressure of carbon dioxide(PaCO2) can help predict the prognosis. In this study, a retrospective analysis was performed by examining these parameters in patients who were admitted to the general intensive care unit over the last three years.

Materials and Methods: Data from patients admitted to the intensive care unit between June 2016 and June 2019 due to cardiac arrest (CA) were reviewed retrospectively. The independent effects were tested using linear and binary logistic regression analyses.

Results: As age and the duration of CPR increased, mortality rates also increased. Hypothermia-treated patients had lower mortality rates, while BUN and creatinine levels were higher in patients who died. An increase in MAP was associated with a longer hospitalization duration, while increases in lactate and creatinine levels, as well as prolonged CPR duration, were associated with shorter hospital stays. No significant relationship was found between blood gas parameters and mortality. None of the factors independently affected the duration of hospitalization or mortality.

Conclusion: According to the data obtained from our study, these factors alone were insufficient to predict the prognosis.

Key words: Cardiac arrest, cardiopulmonary resuscitation, post-cardiac arrest syndrome, hypothermia treatment, prognosis.

The Ocular Findings and Fundus Fluorescein Angiography Characteristics in Behçet's Disease

Özen Özmen — 2025-09-30

Abstract
Objective: To evaluate ocular findings and the characteristics of fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) in ocular Behçet's disease (OBD).

Materials and Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on 104 patients (208 eyes) with OBD who were seen in our ophthalmology clinic between 1996 and 2006. The diagnosis of all patients was made according to the criteria of the International Study Group for Behçet's Disease. All patients underwent fluorescein angiography (FFA). Information on the patients' gender, age, disease duration, ocular findings, FFA findings, ocular complications, and visual acuities were collected.

Results: The mean age of the patients included in the study was 32.54±9.45 years. Of the total cases, 57 (54.8%) were male and 47 (45.2%) were female. Ocular involvement was bilateral in 73.1% and unilateral in 26.9% of the cases. The most common ocular finding was panuveitis, observed in 54.4% of the cases. The most frequent FFA finding was optic disc (OD) leakage, observed in 81.1% of the cases. The rate of anterior uveitis was 12.7%, while the rate of posterior uveitis was 32%. The proportion of eyes with a visual acuity of 0.5 or higher was 67.2%, those with a visual acuity between 0.5 and 0.1 was 21.1%, and those with a visual acuity of 0.1 or lower was 11.6%.

Conclusion: In OBD, the most frequent ocular finding is panuveitis, and the most common FFA finding is leakage from the optic disc. FFA plays a significant role in the diagnosis and follow-up of retinal complications in OBD.

Keywords: Fundus fluorescein angiography, Ocular Behçet's Disease, Uveitis.

Original article Comparing Knowledge and Attitudes on Cancer Screening With and Without Family Cancer History

Ugurgul Adiyaman Yildirim — 2025-11-23

Background: This study aims to compare participation rates in cancer screening programs, as well as knowledge and attitudes toward these programs, among individuals with and without a family history of cancer. It also examines sociodemographic factors and explores potential reasons for any observed differences.

Materials and Methods: A questionnaire consisting of 52 questions was administered to participants aged 30–70. The questionnaire included sociodemographic data, the Cancer Knowledge Scale, and the Cancer Attitude Scale. A total of 420 participants completed the survey, with 210 individuals having a family history of cancer and 210 without.

Bulgular: Ailesinde kanser öyküsü olan bireylerde kanser tarama testlerine katılım oranı %34,3, olmayanlara göre %19,5 oranında anlamlı olarak daha yüksekti (p=0,001). Bilgi ölçeği puan ortalaması tarama testlerine katılan bireyler için 19.6 ± 4.5 iken, katılmayanlar için 16.6 ± 5.7 idi (p < 0.001). Tutum ölçeği puan ortalaması tarama testlerine katılan bireyler için 69.0 ± 8.3 iken, katılmayanlar için 66.8 ± 9.2 idi (p = 0.025). Tüm katılımcılar için bilgi ve tutum ölçeği puanları arasında pozitif yönde orta düzeyde bir ilişki bulunmuştur (r=0.374, p < 0.001).

Sonuç: Kişisel veya ailede kanser öyküsü olan bireylerin kanser tarama programlarına katılım oranları daha yüksektir. Ayrıca, taramalar hakkında artan bilgi, onlara karşı daha olumlu tutumlarla ilişkilidir, bu da halk eğitiminin geliştirilmesinin tutumları ve katılım oranlarını iyileştirebileceğini düşündürmektedir.

From past insights to future challenges: A global bibliometric analysis of hepatic steatosis (1980–2025)

Meral Sozen — 2025-12-09

Bacground: This study aimed to bibliometrically analyze publications on Hepatic Steatosis (HS) indexed in the Web of Science (WoS) database between 1980 and 2025, with the objective of identifying global research trends, leading authors, institutions, and countries, influential journals, collaboration networks, and emerging priority research areas.

Materials and Methods: A total of 3,871 articles were evaluated. The scientific mapping of the HS literature was conducted using the Bibliometrix R package and its Biblioshiny interface.

Results: The number of publications on HS has increased rapidly over the past forty-five years, with research largely characterized by teamwork and international collaboration. Prof. Yu Li, Prof. Yuxiu Liu, and Asst. Prof. Hyunbae Kim emerged as the most prominent researchers, while Hepatology, Journal of Hepatology, and PLOS One were identified as the most influential journals. At the country level, China, the United States, and South Korea were the leading contributors. Keyword and thematic analyses highlighted a research focus on metabolic syndrome, inflammation, non-invasive diagnostic methods, and molecular mechanisms.

Conclusion: The findings reveal that HS research demonstrates multidisciplinary progress encompassing both fundamental pathophysiological processes and clinical applications. Research trends and collaboration structures indicate the field is becoming increasingly globalized with substantial scientific impact. In the future, metabolic disorders, the gut microbiota, and targeted molecular therapeutic strategies are expected to be prioritized research themes.

Silicone Frontal Suspension Surgery in a 3-month-old Infant with Unilateral Congenital Ptosis: Case Report

Berkay Kızıltaş — 2025-11-23

This case report discusses the outcomes of a silicone frontalis sling surgery performed on a 3-month-old female infant diagnosed with congenital ptosis of the left eye. Congenital ptosis, characterized by drooping of the upper eyelid present at birth, can lead to amblyopia, strabismus, and other visual impairments if not treated promptly. In cases where levator function is inadequate, frontalis suspension surgery is considered the gold standard treatment for congenital ptosis. This case presents a patient who underwent early intervention with a silicone frontalis sling technique.

CURRENT APPROACHES IN CUPPING THERAPY

Kenan Toprak — 2025-06-07

Cupping therapy is a traditional treatment method with deep historical roots in Ancient Egyptian Medicine, Traditional Chinese Medicine, and Islamic medicine. Its techniques include dry, wet, and moving cupping. Its proposed mechanism of action involves creating negative pressure and enhancing blood flow, thereby reducing inflammation, triggering endogenous pain modulation, and supporting immune functions. From the perspective of Traditional Chinese Medicine, it regulates the flow of energy, while in Islamic medicine, it is suggested to facilitate the removal of toxins. Recent studies have demonstrated that cupping therapy is effective in managing musculoskeletal pain, rheumatic conditions, sports rehabilitation, and circulatory health. It has been reported to alleviate pain and improve quality of life in conditions such as chronic low back pain, fibromyalgia, knee osteoarthritis, and plantar fasciitis. Furthermore, beneficial effects in neurological and psychological disorders such as migraine and depression have been documented, showing an improvement in symptoms, reduced stress, and better anxiety management. In the context of sports injuries and post-exercise muscle pain, cupping therapy accelerates recovery and increases endurance. Additionally, it has been reported to help control symptoms in asthma and enhance patient satisfaction. In abdominal obesity and metabolic syndrome, cupping therapy reduces waist circumference and triglyceride levels, yielding results comparable to acupuncture. In conclusion, cupping therapy stands out as a complementary method in various healthcare fields. However, methodological limitations in current research necessitate further studies to verify its efficacy and safety. Standardized protocols and objective measurements will bolster the scientific evidence supporting this treatment.