Evaluation of morphological changes on the proximal ulna from the 13th century to the contemporary

Comparison of the proximal ulna from the 13th centrury to the contemporary

Abstract

Background: The aim of the study is to evaluate the proximal part of the ulna bone of the present and 13th-century Byzantine period using the attachment points of the muscles and to evaluate the morphological changes. Methods: A total of 82 ulnae, 29 of which belong to the contemporary and unknown gender, and 52 from the thirteenth-century late Byzantine period are included in the study. The parameters were measured in millimetres on the photos with the ImageJ software. For the statistical analysis, SPSS 22.0 (IBM) software was used (p<0.005). Results: The descriptive values of the variables were given as mean±standard deviation and minimum-maximum values. According to the results of the statistical analysis, there is no difference in the right and left sides. Except for the angle between the MAPO-MPPO-MAA parameter, the rest of the parameters were higher in the Byzantine period ulnae.  Conclusions: In this study, we showed the period differences on the proximal part of the ulna especially the olecranon because of the using the extensor muscle of the forearm and the stabilizer muscle of the elbow. We believe that the data obtained will functional perspective help different disciplines, especially anthropologists and anatomists.