Comparison of Effects of Dexmedetomidine and Thymoquinone on Kidney at Hind Limb Ischemia - Reperfusion Generated Rats

Effects of Dexmedetomidine and Thymoquinone at Hind Limb Ischemia – Reperfusion Injury

Abstract

Background: In this study it is aimed to compare the effects of Dexmedetomidine and Thymoquinone on kidney at hind limb ischemia/reperfusion injury generated rats

Materials and Methods : Fifty Wistar albino rats were included to the study. Rats were divided into groups as Sham (n=10), Control (n=10), Thymoquinone (TQ 20 mg/kg, n=10) Dexmetedomidine (Dex 25 mcg/kg, n=10) and Dexmedetomidine-Thymoquinone (Dex-TQ 20 mg/kg Thymoquinone + 25 mcg/kg Deksmetedomidin n=10). After anesthesia was given to the rats, ischemia was performed to left hind limb for 4 hours and then 2 hours reperfusion applied. Thymoquinone and Dexmetedomidine were administered intraperitoneally after the end of 4 hours ischemia and 5 minutes before start of reperfusion. Ischemia-reperfusion was not performed to the sham group. In Control Group ischemia-reperfusion was performed and saline was administered intraperitoneally. At the end of study all rats were sacrificed. Blood and kidney samples were taken to evaluate Total Antioxidant Status (TAS), Total Oxidant Status (TOS) Oxidative Stress Index (OSI) values and histopathological examination.

Results: When TAS values were measured; the highest values found in Sham Group (0.33±0.07 mmolTroloksEqv/L) and the lowest values found in the Control Group (0.07±0.01 mmolTroloksEqv/L) significantly (p<0.05 for all). TAS values of TQ, Dex, Dex-TQ groups were  significantly lower (p<0.05 for all) than those of Sham Group and  significantly higher than those of Control Group (p<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference between TQ, Dex, Dex-TQ groups regarding to TAS values (p>0.05). TOS values were measured and they were the highest in the Control Group (36.97±6.26 µmolH₂O₂Eqv/L) and the lowest in the Sham Group (18.68±3.41 µmolH₂O₂Eqv/L)  (p<0.05 for all). TOS values of TQ, Dex, Dex-TQ groups significantly lower than those of the Control Group (p<0.05) and statistically significantly higher than those of the Sham Group (p<0.05).There was no statistically significant difference between TQ, Dex, Dex-TQ groups regarding to TOS values (p>0.05). OSI values were the highest in Control Group (54.84±20.67 AU) and the lowest in the Sham Group (5.92±1.89 AU). OSI values of TQ, Dex, Dex-TQ groups significantly lower than those of the Control Group (p<0.05) and higher than those of the Sham Group (p<0.05 for all). There was no statistically significant difference between TQ, Dex, Dex-TQ groups regarding to OSI values (p>0.05 for all). Histopathological examination revealed that the highest injury score was observed in the Control Group and the lowest injury in the Sham group  (p<0.05 for all). There were no statistically significant difference between Sham, TQ, Dex, Dex-TQ groups in the view of histopathologic injury score (p>0.05 for all) and these groups’ scores were significantly lower than those of the Control Group (p<0.05 for all). 

Conclusion: Histopathological changes were observed at kidney in hind limb ischemia/reperfusion due to oxidative stress. Thymoquinone and Dexmedetomidine had protective effects on renal tissues at ischemia/reperfusion injury.